The Science Behind Building Muscle Mass
Muscle hypertrophy, or muscle growth, occurs post work out, when the body starts the process of repairing damaged muscle fibres. During this process the body will fuse the muscle fibres together, creating myofibrils. This results in the myofibrils increasing in thickness and in quantity to encourage muscle growth.

Myofibrilis are made up of several long proteins. The thick protein, Myosin, and thin protein, Actin which allows the muscles to contract by sliding these filaments along each other. When the body starts to repair these fibres, satellite cells are activated within the body, repairing damaged fibres. The more damage to mature muscle, the more satellite cells increase in number, producing larger, stronger muscles.

Muscle mass can therefore be increased by applying a greater amount of strain to mature muscle than normal. This is the reason weight lifting is the main fitness regime to help build body mass. During weight training, the weight lifted is slowly increased, adding strain & damage to mature muscle and prompting a reaction of the satellite cells to start repairing and building new muscle.

Another contributing factor of muscle hypertrophy, are hormones, and in particular, Testosterone and Insulin. These hormones promote muscle growth by regulating the activity of satellite cells.

Insulin is a hormone that regulates glucose levels within the body, that come from the consumption of carbohydrates. It is produced by the pancreas and ensures your blood sugar levels are regulated and stores glucose for future use. Muscle Glycogen, the stored form of carbohydrates, are converted into glucose by muscle cells and the liver. If insulin levels are too high within the body, it will result in the storage of more body fat and will inhibit the body’s ability to burn calories.

Testosterone is the better-known hormone responsible for building muscle and is responsible for activating the process of protein synthesis, where cells create new proteins. Increased levels of protein synthesis will therefor result in increased muscle growth. This is the natural way of growing and strengthening muscle.

Men who are overweight will generally have lower levels of testosterone. In order to increase muscle mass they will need to convert fat to muscle or lose weight for a healthy hormone balance. Being overweight can also raise estrogen levels in men; estrogen is the main sex hormone in women. In overweight men, testosterone is converted into estrogen by an enzyme found in body fat.

Another important factor of gaining muscle mass is rest. As previously explained, muscle growth occurs post work out, when the body is resting. This is when the body repairs damaged muscle fibres and the satellite cells begin to work.

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